Winged Spear - Type I (9th–12th Century)

This reconstruction represents a classic Type I spearhead, widely used across continental Europe during the 9th–10th centuries. Spears of this type are among the most recognizable weapons of the Early Middle Ages, combining advanced craftsmanship with exceptional battlefield versatility.

Characterized by its distinctive blade and functional wings (lugs) at the base, this spear reflects a weapon form associated with elite warriors and high-status military equipment.

Specifications

• Total length: 52 cm

• Maximum width: 6.5 cm

• Weight: 530 g

Typology and Form

According to modern research, this spear belongs to Type I, defined by:

• Edges forming an angle typically greater than 16°, creating a broad and powerful tip

• A relatively wide blade profile, enhancing cutting capability

The width of 6.5 cm places this piece among the broader examples of its type, emphasizing its cutting potential while maintaining good balance.

Wings (Lugs) – Function and Advantage

A defining feature of this spear is the presence of wings, which significantly expand its functionality:

• Acting as a stopper, preventing over-penetration into a target

• Providing a hooking capability, useful for controlling an opponent or pulling shields

• Functioning similarly to a crossguard, increasing safety and control in combat

These elements make the weapon especially effective in close combat situations.

Function and Use

Unlike narrower Type II spearheads, this Type I form was designed as a cut-and-thrust weapon. Thanks to its proportions:

• It is capable of delivering powerful chopping blows, similar to later polearms

• It remains effective for thrusting attacks

• It could be used in both one-handed and two-handed techniques, depending on shaft length and combat style

Such spears were particularly valued in infantry formations but were also suitable for use against both infantry and cavalry.

Historical Context

Type I spearheads are strongly associated with continental (especially Carolingian) production traditions. Archaeological finds show that weapons of this class were often discovered in richly equipped graves alongside swords, shields, and riding gear, underlining their prestige and military importance.

They represent a shift toward heavier, more versatile weapon systems, where a single spear could fulfill multiple combat roles.